LOW SPERM COUNT

A low sperm count decreases the odds that of your sperm will fertilize your partner's egg, leading to pregnancy. Nevertheless, plenty of men who have a low sperm count are still able to brother a kid.

Low sperm count means that the liquid (semen) you ejaculate in the work of an orgasm contains fewer sperm than normal. Low sperm count is also called oligospermia (ol-ih-go-SPUR-me-uh). Your sperm count is thought about lower than normal in case you have fewer than twenty million sperm per milliliter of semen.

Sperm count may increase if an underlying condition can be identified & treated. Both you & your female partner may require treatment to boost fertility. For some couples, achieving pregnancy requires a procedure such as in vitro fertilization.

SYMPTOMS

The main sign of low sperm count is the inability to conceive a child. Often, there's no other obvious signs or signs. In some cases, however, an underlying issue such as an inherited hormonal imbalance or a condition that blocks the passage of sperm may cause signs and signs. Low sperm count signs may include:

• The inability to conceive a child
•   Issues with sexual function for example, low sex drive or difficulty maintaining an erection (erectile dysfunction)
•   Pain, swelling or a lump in the testicle area
•   Decreased facial or body hair or other signs of a chromosome or hormone abnormality

SEE A DOCTOR IF YOU

• • Are unable to conceive a infant after a year of regular, unprotected sexual activity along with your partner
  •   Have erection or ejaculation issues, low sex drive or other issues with sexual function
  •   Have pain, discomfort, a lump or swelling in the testicle area
  •   Have a history of testicle, prostate or sexual issues
  •   Have had groin, testicle, penis or scrotum surgery
   

CAUSES

Sperm production is complex & requires normal functioning of the testicles (testes) as well as the hypothalamus & pituitary glands  organs in your brain that produce hormones that trigger sperm production. One time sperm are produced in the testicles, delicate tubes transport them until they mix with semen & are ejaculated out of the penis. Issues with any of these systems can affect sperm production. In addition, a variety of issues may cause abnormal sperm shape (morphology) or movement (motility). Often the reason for low sperm count is not ever identified.

MEDICAL CAUSES

Low sperm count can be caused by a considerable number of health issues and medical treatments. A number of these include:

  Varicocele. 

   A varicocele is a swelling of the veins that drain the testicle. This may prevent normal cooling of the testicle, leading to reduced sperm count and fewer moving sperm.
  

Infection. 

Some infections can interfere with sperm production and sperm health or may cause scarring that blocks the passage of sperm. These include some sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including chlamydia and gonorrhea; inflammation of the prostate (prostatitis); inflamed testicles due to mumps (mumps orchitis); and other infections of the urinary tract or reproductive organs.

Retrograde ejaculation. 

This happens when semen enters the bladder in the coursework of orgasm in lieu of emerging out of the tip of the penis. Various medical conditions may cause retrograde ejaculation, including diabetes, multiple sclerosis, spinal injuries, & surgical procedure of the bladder, prostate or urethra. Retrograde ejaculation may even be caused by sure medications  medications for enlarged prostate, such as terazosin (Hytrin), tamsulosin (Flomax) & alfuzosin (Uroxatral).
 

Lack of ejaculation. 

Some men with spinal cord injuries or sure diseases cannot ejaculate semen, although they still produce sperm.
 

Antibodies that assault sperm.

 Anti-sperm antibodies are immune system cells that mistakenly identify sperm as harmful invaders & try to eliminate them. This is common in men who have had a vasectomy.

Tumors. 

Cancers and nonmalignant tumors can affect the male reproductive organs directly, or can affect the glands that release hormones related to reproduction (such as the pituitary gland). In some cases, surgical procedure to treat tumors can affect male fertility.
 

Undescended testicles. 

In some males, in the work of fetal development or both testicles fail to descend from the abdomen in to the sac that usually contains the testicles (scrotum).
 

Hormone imbalances. 

Infertility can result from disorders of the testicles themselves or an abnormality affecting the glands in the brain that produce testosterone and other hormones that control the testicles (the hypothalamus or pituitary glands). Low testosterone (male hypogonadism) and other hormonal issues have various feasible underlying cause.

 Sperm duct defects. 

The tubes that carryover sperm can be damaged by disease or injury. Some men are born with a blockage in the part of the testicle that stores sperm (epididymis) or a blockage of of the tubes that carryover sperm out of the testicles (vas deferens). Men with cystic fibrosis & some other inherited conditions may be born without sperm ducts altogether.
 

Chromosome defects. 

Inherited disorders such as Klinefelter's syndrome  in which a male is born with X chromosomes & Y chromosome in lieu of X & Y cause abnormal development of the male reproductive organs.
 

Issues with sexual activity. 

These can include trouble keeping or maintaining an erection sufficient for sex (erectile dysfunction), premature ejaculation, painful intercourse, or psychological or relationship issues that interfere with sex.
 

Celiac disease. 

A digestive disorder caused by sensitivity to gluten, celiac disease may cause male infertility. Fertility may improve after adopting a gluten-free diet.
 

Sure medications. 

Testosterone replacement therapy, long-term anabolic steroid use, cancer medications (chemotherapy), sure antibiotics, some ulcer medications & sure other medications can weaken sperm production & decrease male fertility.

ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES 

 Overexposure to positive environmental elements such as heat, toxins & chemicals can reduce sperm production or sperm function. Specific causes include:

 Pesticides.

 Some men exposed to pesticides such as ethylene dibromide & organophosphates have lowered sperm counts. Pesticide exposure has also been linked to testicular cancer. Most studies have been done on men who work in agriculture or live in agricultural areas.
  

Heavy metal exposure. 

Exposure to lead or other heavy metals also may cause infertility.
  

Exposure to radiation or X-rays. 

Exposure to radiation can reduce sperm production. It can take several years for sperm production to return to normal. With high doses of radiation, sperm production can be permanently reduced.
  

Overheating the testicles. 

Frequent use of saunas or hot tubs may temporarily lower your sperm count. Sitting for long periods or wearing tight clothing also may increase the temperature in your scrotum & reduce sperm production.
  

Extended bicycling. 

Extended bicycling is another feasible cause of reduced fertility due to overheating the testicles. In some cases, bicycle stool pressure on the area behind the testicles (perineum) may cause numbness in the penis & erectile dysfunction.

 Health, lifestyle and other causes
Some other causes of low sperm count include:

 
Illegal drug use. 

Anabolic steroids taken to stimulate muscle strength and growth may cause the testicles to shrink and sperm production to decrease. Use of cocaine or marijuana may temporarily reduce the number and quality of your sperm as well.
 

  Alcohol abuse. 

Heavy drinking can lower testosterone levels, cause erectile dysfunction and decrease sperm production. Liver disease caused by excessive drinking may also cause fertility issues.
 

 Tobacco smoking. 

Men who smoke may have a lower sperm count than do those who don't smoke. Secondhand smoke also may affect male fertility.
  

Emotional stress.

 Stress may interfere with sure hormones needed to produce sperm. Your sperm count may be affected in case you experience extreme or extended emotional stress. A controversy with fertility itself can sometimes become long term and discouraging, producing stress.
 

 Vitamin deficiency. 

Deficiencies in nutrients such as vitamin C, selenium, zinc and folate may contribute to decreased sperm production and male infertility.
  

Weight. 

Obesity may cause hormone changes that reduce male fertility. Men who are underweight also may have reduced fertility.
  

Age.

 Men older than 35 start to have a gradual decline in sperm production.
 

 Incomplete sperm collection.

 Lower than normal sperm counts can result from testing a sperm sample that was taken soon after your last ejaculation; was taken soon after an disease or stressful event; or didn't contain all of the semen you ejaculated because some was spilled in the coursework of collection. For this reason, results are usually based on several samples taken over a time period.

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GET THE FACTS ABOUT PREGNANCY SPACING

Pregnancy spacing is an essential part of relatives planning. Understand the importance of pregnancy spacing and what factors to think about before you conceive again

Considering having another kid? Pregnancy spacing can affect over how close your kids are in age. It can also have an impact on your health & your baby's health. Find out what you need to know about relatives planning & timing pregnancies.

WHY FAMILY PLANING IS IMPORTANT:

After your first infant is born, relatives planning takes on new meaning. Having another infant will alter your family's lives. Are you & your partner prepared to take care of a newborn again? How will your other infant or kids react to sharing your attention with a new infant? It is also important to think about the timing of your pregnancies. While you & your partner might have preferences about how close in age you'd like your kids to be, some studies show that spacing pregnancies close together or far apart can pose health risks for both father & infant.

Whether you are thinking about getting pregnant for the first time or you already have kids, it is important to think about relatives planning & your reproductive goals. Knowing whether you do or don't need to have kids in the next few years can help you & your partner select appropriate birth control  such as birth control pills, contraceptive injections or implants, or an intrauterine gizmo (IUD). Relatives planning can also help you select when you might start preconception planning, which is sometimes recommended up to a year in advance of getting pregnant.

WHAT ARE RISKS  OF PLACING PREGNANCIES CLOSE TOGETHER

 The placenta partially or peeling away from the inner wall of the uterus before delivery (placental abruption)
  The placenta attaching to the lower part of the uterine wall, partially or covering the cervix (placenta previa), in ladies who historicallyin the past had a C-section Limited research suggests that a pregnancy within 12 months of giving birth is associated with an increased risk of:

A 2011 study also suggests a link between pregnancy intervals of less than 12 months & autism risk in second-born kids.In addition, a pregnancy within 18 months of giving birth is associated with an increased risk of:

Some specialists think that closely spaced pregnancies don't give a brother time to recover from the physical stress of pregnancy before moving on to the next. For example, pregnancy & breast-feeding can deplete your stores of essential nutrients, such as iron & folate. In the event you become pregnant before replacing those stores, it could affect your health or your baby's health.

•   Low birth weight
•   Tiny size for gestational age
•   Preterm birth
•   Uterine rupture in ladies who attempt vaginal birth after a C-section (VBAC)

It is also feasible that behavioral risk factors, such as smoking, substance abuse, failure to make use of health care services & unplanned pregnancies, as well as stress & socioeconomic disadvantage, are more common in ladies who have closely spaced pregnancies. These risk factors  than the short interval itself  might report the link between closely spaced pregnancies & health issues for mothers & kids.

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INTERCOURSE TIMING

WHAT'S THE MOST EFFECTIVE TIME TO LOVE?

Timing can make a difference. Your egg, one time released from of your ovaries, can survive for between 12 and 24 hours. Sperm last longer and can survive for up to days in your uterus and fallopian tubes.

 This means that every month you have a fertile window which covers about six days. Those six days are the days leading up to, and the day of, ovulation.

    

Timing your sex life to the exact point of ovulation is not essential. Ensuring you have sex in the work of your fertile window is. Having said that, the best time to have sex for conception is or days before you ovulate.

As you can imagine, it is tricky to pinpoint the exact day or before ovulation. So your best bet is to enjoy having sex every or days in the work of your cycle.

  

But in the event you need to delve in to the statistics, here they are. Assuming you and your partner have normal fertility, your likelihood of conceiving is:

• • four per-cent in the event you have sex days before ovulation
  • 15 per-cent in the event you have sex days before ovulation
  • 25 per-cent to 28 per-cent in the event you have sex or days before ovulation
  • eight per-cent to ten per-cent in the event you have sex within 24 hours of ovulation
    

             When you'll ovulate in any given cycle depends on:
               

                1-  the length of your menstrual cycle               

                 2- how regular your periods are
 

A menstrual cycle can be as short as 22 days or as long as 36 days. On average, a woman gets her period between 12 & 14 days after she is ovulated.

So you are likely to be ovulating around mid-cycle in the event you have a 28-day menstrual cycle. In the event you have a short cycle, you could ovulate within days of your period ending. In the event you have a long cycle, you could ovulate weeks after your period has ended.

Very 50 percent of ladies have a cycle length that varies by over seven days. If your cycle length is uneven, your fertile window may also vary by about a week from month to month.

 

 That's why it is best to have sex every to days throughout your cycle. It is more effective than focusing your efforts only on the days you think you are about to ovulate. Also, sex every to days improves the quality of sperm when compared with every day sex.

 

HOW DO I KNOW WHEN I'M READY TO OVULATE

You may be very aware of when you ovulate, or you may not notice any changes at all. If you're thinking about getting pregnant, get in touch with your body. Look out for natural signs that you're approaching ovulation. These may start about three weeks before you expect your next period, and include:

  1-  Increased vaginal discharge that's wetter, and like stretchy egg white. This is called fertile mucus.

   2- Feelings of slight discomfort on one side of your belly (mittelschmerz).

   3- Feeling more sexy.

One of the simplest ways of working out when your fertile days are is the two-day method. This involves checking daily to see if you've got fertile mucus or not.

All you have to do is to ask yourself two questions either after noon or before you go to bed: "Did I notice any secretions today?" and "Did I notice any secretions yesterday?" If the answer to both questions is "yes", then you may be in your fertile window. If the answer to both questions is "no", it's unlikely that you're in your fertile window.

To work out your fertile window try our ovulation calculator. And read our article for helpful tips on identifying the signs of ovulation.

Do irregular periods mean it's harder to get pregnant?

If your cycles are irregular, or over 36 days apart, see your GP. Sometimes, irregular cycles are caused by conditions such as poly-cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disorder. These conditions could affect your chances of conceiving.

The more irregular your periods are, the more difficult it can be to work out when you are fertile. So practice watching for signs of fertile mucus, using the two-day method. Try to have sex when you notice or more days of wet, slippery mucus. Or you may find it simpler to have regular sex throughout your cycle.

In the event you don't become pregnant after about six months of actively trying ( in the event you are over 35), it is worth speaking to your doctor. He may recommend that you track your cycle for a few months. Doing this will make it simpler to tell how regular your periods are and when and in the event you are ovulating.

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A HEALTHY DIET FOR A DAD TO BE

 About man in every twenty is affected by decreased fertility (sub-fertility). This means it will take longer than usual for you to make a kid. When it comes to fertility issues it is estimated that:

What you eat may have an impact on the quality of your sperm. So it makes sense that your food choices could play a significant part in your ability to conceive.

•   30 percent can be traced to men
•   29 percent are attributed to females
•   ten percent are a combination of the
•   five percent are due to other factors
•   24 percent are unexplained

In case you do have a fertility issue, diet may be of the factors which could help to treatment it. In case you have poor eating habits & drink heavily, this may lower the quality & quantity of your sperm.

 Though there is not plenty of research in to how diet improves your fertility, eating well for your health is important. A balanced diet as part of a healthy lifestyle may be of the factors that helps the condition of your sperm. This may in turn boost your

What's a healthy diet for a dad-to-be? 

 You diet ought to be every bit as balanced, varied & nourishing as a mum-to-Be's diet. Eat a wide range of foods from all the food groups, which means:

•  lots of wholegrain, starchy foods (carbohydrates)
•   some protein (lean meat, fish & pulses)
•   some low-fat dairy produce (such as semi-skimmed milk & yoghurt)
•   lots of fruit & vegetables

Check if you are achieving the right balance of foods with the government's eat well plate. Following these guidelines will make sure your diet includes nutrients which may help to improve your fertility.

Nutrients For Improvement Of  Fertility

Some vitamins & minerals may play an element in helping conception. However, there is not lots of strong facts for this. The best way to get these nutrients is from your diet.

 Zinc and selenium

Both zinc and selenium play an important role in conceiving. Low levels of zinc and selenium have been linked to poor sperm quality and a reduction in the sperm's ability to move (motility). Selenium supplements may improve the quality of your sperm, but specialists are not sure about how much the dose ought to be.

Vitamin D

 study has shown a feasible link between vitamin D levels and how mobile your sperm is. The study showed that men who were deficient in vitamin D had less mobile sperm. But more research is necessary.

Food sources of zinc include extra-lean minced beef, baked beans and dark chicken meat. And selenium can be present in brazil nuts, bread, fish, meat and eggs.

Our bodies make vitamin D in response to sunlight. They also get it through eating foods containing vitamin D. Oily fish, and foods fortified with vitamin D such as margarine, and some breakfast cereals, contain vitamin D.

 Folate 

Folate (vitamin B9), is important for men to make healthy sperm & is the naturally occurring type of folic acid. There is a small amount of proof linking a diet rich in this vitamin to higher sperm counts. You needn't take a folic acid supplement as a dad-to-be, but it won't do you any harm to eat plenty of folate-rich foods.

    Folate-rich foods include green vegetables such as broccoli, spinach & sprouts. Folate may even be present in pulses, potatoes & oranges. So a jacket potato with baked beans or homemade spinach dal is a great way of incorporating folate in to your diet. Plenty of breakfast cereals are also fortified with folic acid.

 Antioxidants

Antioxidants may improve the quality of your sperm by decreasing the number of free radicals that may cause cell membrane destroy. In some studies, men who ate a diet low in antioxidants were more likely to have poor-quality sperm.

    Antioxidant vitamins include vitamins C and E and betacarotene, a kind of vitamin A. Eating a variety of fruit and vegetables will give you tons of antioxidants. Make it simple by keeping a bag of apples in the fridge at work or a bunch of grapes on your table.

    There is even some facts that if you are taking longer than the usual time to conceive you may benefit from antioxidant vitamin supplements. This may increase your chances of making a child and of your partner carrying the pregnancy to term.

However, there needs to be more research in the area of male fertility and supplements for us to be definite

ANYTHING ABOUT MY WEIGHT?.

 Being fat can affect your ability to conceive a kid and can influence the quality of your sperm. This effect is greatest in men who have a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher.

    Maintaining a healthy weight is essential for keeping your sperm in lovely condition. You can do this by having a healthy, balanced diet and exercising regularly.

     If your BMI is higher than 30, losing weight before trying for a kid may improve the quality of your sperm.

SHOULD I LOWER DOWN THE USE OF COFFEE?

A study taking a look at couples who were undergoing IVF treatment showed that drinking caffeine as a dad-to-be didn't have an effect on how well the IVF worked.
    It's fine to keep drinking coffee and tea. There is no strong facts that caffeine can harm your fertility as a dad-to-be.

 Caffeine may even improve sperm motility. Studies of fertile and infertile men showed those who drank large amounts of caffeine regularly had significantly higher sperm motility than those who didn't. They require more research in to any direct effect on fertility, though.

WHAT ABOUT THE USE OF ALCOHOL?

t's best to cut back on alcohol in case you drink regularly, in case you need to improve your baby-making chances.

There is no facts to recommend that moderate drinking (up to to units of alcohol per day) will affect your fertility. But it is simple to underestimate how much you are drinking.

  Specialists agree that drinking excessively will weaken the quality of your sperm.

    Heavy consumption of alcohol affects your hormone levels, in particular your testosterone levels. It also affects the ability of your testes to mature the sperm properly. This leads to lower sperm counts and more abnormal sperm.

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PRE-CONCEPTION HEALTH FOR MEN

Preconception health matters in men As couples prepare for pregnancy, it is simple to focus only on the woman's health. However, there's several habits men need to be forming in the work of these critical months of preparation, . Issues of fertility do not rest solely on the female. According to the Organization of Teratology Knowledge Services (OTIS), "Agents that may cause birth defects do not reach the developing

fetus through the sister as they do from the pregnant father." But they do know that male exposure to sure things can lead to some preliminary issues with fertility and also slighly elevate the risk of sure birth defects. Male fertility factors contribute to about 50% of all infertility cases, and male infertility alone accounts for about one-third of all infertility cases. Ought to fertility issues arise, you will be step ahead by beginning now with some simple steps to be in the best physical condition to conceive.

Make an appointment with your doctor

 It's time to discover a care provider you feel comfortable with & start with a per-conception appointment.

Clean out the medicine cabinet

•  Tagamet (cimetidine), sulfasalazine, or nitrofurantoin are used to treat ulcers, gastrointestinal issues, & urinary tract infections. These medications may impact sperm production & sperm count.

•   Steroids, such as prednisone & cortisone, which are used to treat asthma, arthritis & skin conditions, impact male fertility.

•   Chemotherapy & radiation could cause sterility or a significant change in sperm quality & quantity.

Eliminate as plenty of medications from your process as feasible. Talk together with your physician about your prescription medications. You may require to discontinue use or try something new. The following medications have been known to impact male fertility

Take a good look at your work environment

 Your work surroundings could be a contributing factor to your fertility. According to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, ongoing exposure to positive things like pesticides, chemical fertilizers, lead, nickel, mercury, chromium, ethylene glycol ethers, petrochemicals, benzene, perchloroethylene, and radiation can lower sperm quality, quantity and possibly lead to infertility or miscarriage.

Eat and Sleep  

 Few & far between are the men who would be against this. What you eat can make a difference. Find out what your proper weight range ought to be & make the necessary dietary & exercise changes to get there.

Studies recommend that some men with low sperm count also have a zinc deficiency. The following foods are high in zinc & could increase your fertility: meat, wholegrain cereals, seafood, & eggs. Selenium, which is present in Brazil nuts, meat, seafood, mushrooms & cereals, has also been found to aid in fertility.

Adding more vitamin E may also help the system along. Getting lots of Zsss is nice for everything that ails you, even low sperm counts & sperm quality.

Avoid alcohol and other substances

 There is some research being done that may link smoking & positive rare heart defects, but further studies must be done to make an correct conclusion.

Eliminate alcohol, tobacco, marijuana & any prohibited drugs. much alcohol may reduce zinc levels, & drugs decrease sperm quality.

Marijuana has been proven to affect sperm quality & sperm count, but there is no facts that shows that marijuana causes birth defects.

Keep your testicles cool

  Heat from hot tubs, saunas, hot long showers ( over 30 minutes), heating pads, electric blankets, and tight clothing like briefs and spandex could cause your testicles to become hot which decreases sperm quantity.

Stay away from cycling for a while

 Cycling may cause plenty of friction & jostling, which increases the temperature of your testicles. The rise in temperature & possibility of injury may exacerbate low sperm count.

 The above may sound like a long list of “don’ts”. Here’s a list of “do’s” that might keep you going when the going gets tough:

1- Do keep in mind that you are getting healthy along the way and stopping lots of other major medical complications.
2-  Do take a multivitamin, male fertility supplement or even a pre-natal vitamin! Order now
  Think about taking an at home fertility check to give you more peace of mind. Shop for male at-home testing
3-  Do enjoy sex and romance like you used to. It's simple to think of sex as a chore while trying to get pregnant. Keep in mind there is more to it than making a infant.
4-  Do be romantic. Life will alter (in a great way) after a infant comes. But it will never be like it is now. Enjoy every moment together.

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Tips for a Healthy Pregnancy

Tips for a Healthy Pregnancy

You can feel brilliant in the work of your pregnancy in case you take excellent care of yourself. Increase your odds of a healthy pregnancy by following these sensible steps to keep yourself in top condition:

1. Eat or six well-balanced meals each day.

2. Drink lots of fluids -- at least eight to ten glasses a day -- avoiding caffeine & artificial coloring.

3. Take a prenatal vitamin each day as directed by your obstetrician or midwife.

4. Don't smoke or permit yourself to be exposed to secondhand smoke.

5. Don't drink alcohol.

6. Exercise -- it is vital for your general health & can also help reduce stress. Take a pregnancy exercise class or walk at least fifteen to0 minutes every day at a moderate pace. Walk in cold, shaded areas or inside in order to prevent overheating.

7. Get adequate sleep -- at least eight hours a night. If you are suffering from sleep disturbances, take naps in the work of the day & see your physician for advice.

8. Continue to wear a safety belt while riding in motor vehicles. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the shoulder portion of the restraint ought to be positioned over the collar bone. The lap portion ought to be placed under the abdomen as low as feasible on the hips & across the upper thighs, never above the abdomen. Also, pregnant females ought to sit as far from the air bag as feasible.

9. Wear comfortable, non-restricting shoes & put your feet up several times a day to prevent fatigue & swelling of the feet, legs, & ankles.

10. Don't take over-the-counter medications or herbal treatments without first consulting your obstetrician or midwife.

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Exercise for Pregnant Women

Exercise for  Pregnant Women

If you have not been involved in an exercise program prior to becoming pregnant you can start exercising by developing a brisk walking program. One time you start walking you can increase your rate of speed & the distance you walk. Exercise routines & tips are discussed in a brand spanking new audio program Preparing for a Healthy Pregnancy, by Dr. Sebastian Faro, a leading pregnancy professional & member of the American Pregnancy Associations Medical Advisory Board. Here are a number of the tips Dr. Faro discusses:
The ideal types of exercises for pregnant ladies are:

•    Brisk jogging

•    Stationary bicycling

•   Swimming

•   Yoga

 Aerobic exercise is the best for maintaining cardiovascular fitness and will be most effective in case you exercise times per week for about 30 minutes each time. Pregnant females ought to accomplish a heart rate that is about 50% to 85% of their maximum, in the second and third trimesters. A general rule to follow when exercising and pregnant is to keep your heart rate below 140 beats/minute.

There are aerobic exercises that you can participate in when you are preparing to conceive or are pregnant. While you are preparing for a pregnancy, it is important that you start a light aerobic exercise program such as running. It is a nice suggestion to tell your aerobics instructor and physician that you plan to become pregnant soon and would like to have an exercise program that includes running and aerobic exercises.

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